Apparatus for positive respiration during gas anesthesia



Jan. 8, 1952 P. L. STANTON 2,582,210

APPARATUS FOR POSITIVE RESPIRATION DURING GAS ANESTHESIA IlllllIllllllllllllllllllll INVENTOR.

Jan. 8, 1952 P. STANTON 2,582,210

APPARATUS FOR POSITIVE RESPIRATION DURING @As ANEsTHEsIA 2 SHEETS-'SHEET2 .Filed July 5, 1949 INVENTOR Patented Jan. 8, 1952 APPARATUS FOR.'POSITIVE RESPIRATION DURING GAS ANESTHESIA Philip L. Stanton,Flintridge, Calif., assignor to E & J Manufacturing Co., Glendale,Calif., a

corporation of California Application July 5, 1949, Serial No. 103,118

(Cl. 12S-184) 1 8 Claims.

My invention comprises a process and the apparatus for positiverespiration during gas anesthesia. In gas anethesia. it is veryimportant that you do not dilute the gas mixture by injecting outsideair or oxygen beyond the quantity ordinarily desired to maintain theproper gas mixture.

It always has been a problem in emergency cases during anesthesia inthoracic surgery to maintain the proper gas mixtures in the apparatusand also to administer artificial respiration simultaneously. Myinvention makes it possible to maintain these gas mixtures within apatients lungs and in the anesthesia machine and at the same timeadminister intra-pulmonary pressures automatically without diffusingthese gas mixtures.

In general, my invention comprises placing an elastic chamber or bag orbellows in the gas circuit between the machine and the patient andsurrounding that bag with a rigid airtight container that has an openingto a toggle diaphragm mechanism that is actuated by the pressure in thechamber. When the bag is deflated to its desired minimum the togglemechanism opens to Withdraw the air from the surrounding chamber. Whenthe bag is inflated to its desired maximum the toggle acts to force airin the surrounding chamber. It acts in just the opposite from the way itacts on the lungs, that is, when the bag is inflated the lungs are ontheir aspirated phase and when the bag is collapsed the lungs are fullyinflated and the toggle is open to permit the pressure in the chamber toescape.

Other objects and advantages of my invention will be apparent from thefollowing description of the preferred embodiments thereof.

In the drawings:

Figure 1 is a sectional view of my apparatus for positive respirationduring gas anesthesia.

Figure 2 is a top plan view of the toggle mechanism taken on the line2-2 of Figure l.

Figure 3 is a sectional view taken on the line 3--3 of Figure 2.

Figure 4 is a sectional view taken on the line 4 4 of Figure 1.

Figure 5 is a sectional view taken on the line 5-5 of Figure 1.

Figure `6 is a sectional View taken on the line 6--6 of Figure 3.

` rFigure 7 is a sectional view taken on the line '1 -'I of Figure 3.

Figure 8 is a sectional view taken on the line 8-3 of Figure 3.

Figure 9 is an exploded View of the toggle mechanism; l

Figure 10 is a sectional view taken on the line Iii-I0 of Figure 3.

The process of my invention uses an ordinary anesthetic machine which iscommon in the art. This machine is connected by a T-joint in the tubingconnecting the anesthetic machine with the mask on the patient.

The T-joint connects a bellows I by means of the pipe 2 to form agas-tight system comprising the anesthetic machine, mask and bellows.Surrounding the bellows I is an airtight container 3 which has anopening 4 into a toggle mechanism such as generally illustrated at 5.

The action of the toggle mechanism is such that when the pressure in thechamber 6 formed by the container 3 is at a maximum value, for example,13 mm. of mercury, the bellows I will be in a collapsed position, thusforcing the gas mixture therein into the patients lungs under a positivepressure. At that point the toggle mechanism 5 is so constructed as totrip over to allow the air to be evacuated from the chamber B, whereuponthe bellows I receives the pressure from the patients lungs and isextended until the pressure in the chamber 5 reaches the minimumpressure desired in the patients lungs, for example, a minus pressure of9 mm. oi mercury, whereupon the toggle 5 snaps over into the reverseposition and ports air or oxygen into the chamber 6 until the maximumpressure is again achieved.

It thus will be seen that my invention provides a process for forcinganesthetic gas without contamination with the atmosphere into thepatients lungs under pressure and to be aspirated by the action of theminus pressure in the chamber 6. This type of respiration is known aspositive pressure.

The preferred form of apparatus for carrying out the process of myinvention comprises the bellows I connected to a hanged pipe 'I insertedin an opening 8 in the container 3. A washer plate 9 ts over the flangedpipe 1 and is bolted at I0 to the container 3. A nut II threaded on theanged pipe 'l squeezes the plate 9 between the ange I2 on the flangedpipe I and the nut II. The flanged pipe 'I is connected to the pipe 2running to the T-joint in the anesthetic line.

The opening Il has an adapter I3 placed therein and held in an airtightposition by means of the bolts I 4. The adapter I3 has a tapered memberI5 which is inserted into the opening I6 in the toggle mechanism 5. Thetoggle mechanism 5 comprises a case forming a chamber II. When thepressure in the chamber I1 and therefore in the chamber 6 to which it isdirectly connected by the adapter I3 is at the minimum pressure, forexample, minus 9 mm. of mercury, the toggle diaphragm I8 is in theposition shown in Figure 3. The toggle diaphragm I8 comprises anairtight diaphragm member I!) held sealed at its edges as shown at 20 toclose the chamber I1 from the chamber 2| on the other side of the di'-aphragmY I8.

Bolted to the diaphragm I8 are pivot posts 22. A hanger 23 and the valvestem 24 act as supports for the ends of the toggle arms 25 which arecarried by the posts 22. To secure a snapover action of the toggle arms25 a toggle spring 26 is connected to the two toggle arms 25. When thediaphragm i3 is in its upper position as shown in Figure 3, the togglearms 25 force downwardly the valve stem 24, causing the valve 21 toopen.

Compressed air or oxygen under pressure enters the toggle mechanismthrough an adapter 28, past a valve generally indicated at 29, through aVenturi tube 30, through passages 3| and Sla, the cross port 32 into thechamber 33. When the diaphragm IS opens the valve 2l the compressed airpasses from the chamber 33 past the valve 2'! into the chamber I'! and,hence, into the container 3. When the pressure in the chamber I'! andcontainer 3 is at the desired maximum of 13 the diaphragm I8 will moveto its lowermost position, snapping over the toggle mechanism andraising the valve stem 24, closingy the valve 2'# and opening the valve26. The diaphragm IB at maximum pressure in the chamber I'i will have apositive pressure above atmospheric of 13 mm. on the side towards thechamber Il, but the chamber 2I is ported to the atmosphere at 35 and,thus, the diaphragm can actuate the snap-over toggle.

After the maximum pressure has been achieved in the chamber I'I andcontainer 3, the bellows I will be deflated, forcing the anesthesia intothe patients lungs. After the diaphragm I3 has snapped over the togglewill open the valve stem 24. The air in the chamber I and. container 3will be sucked out through the port` 36 by the Venturi tube 3S, throughthe cross passages` 31 and 33, into the cross passages 3Ia, 3.! andcross port 32 into the chamber 33 and out past the valve 2t and port 33until the minimum desired pressure in chamber I'! is achieved. Thisminimum desired pressure is a minus pressure of 9 mm. As the pressuredecreases in chamber I'I and container 3 the pressure in the patientslungs will inflate the bellows I andthe anesthesia will be exhaled intothe bellows I.

Upon the pressure in` the chamber I1 being ree duced to the desiredminimum, the diaphragm I 8' will move to its position, snapping over thetoggle and closing the valve 2S and opening the valve 2'! to repeat theaction.

To prevent any excessive-pressure on thev positive side from forcing toomuch gas into the patients lungs, I provid-eY a pressure. regulatorwhich comprises a housing di) in" which a fiat The spring 43 is adjustedto holdv the desired minimum, whereupon the flat plate valve 48 willopen and permit atmospheric air to pass into the chamber I'I and preventan excess of minimum pressure.

As Venturi tubes are noisy and as my apparatus is designed for use inthe surgical rooms of hospitals, I attach a band 50 on the exteriorsurface or the toggle mechanism 5 adjacent the port 39. Under the band50 and covering the port 39 is placed a piece of felt or other materialto dampen the noise of the rush of compressed air.

Having fully described my invention, it is to be understood that I donot wish to be limited to the details herein set forth, but my inventionis of the full scope of the appended claims.

Iclaim:

1. A pressure regulating device comprising: a chamber divided by anairtight diaphragm into an airtight compartment and a compartment opento the atmosphere, a source of air under pressure, a passagecommunicating with said source.l of. air; pressure, and said airtight.compartment, a toggle mechanism attached to said diaphragm, a valveactuated by said toggle mechanism to open and close said passage, asecond passage from said source of air pressure to said airtightcompartment, and a Venturi tube arranged.V to withdraw-air from saidsecond passage.

2. A pressure regulating device comprising: a chamber divided by anairtight diaphragm into an airtight compartment and a compartment opento the atmosphere, a source ofr air under pressure, a passagecommunicating with said source of air pressure and saidairtightcompartment, a toggle mechanism attached to said diaphragm, a valveactuated lby `said toggle mech'- anism to open. and close said passage,a second valve actuated by said toggle in opposite stroke to said firstvalve to open a port in said rst passage to port' air therein to theatmosphere, a Venturi tube positioned in said first passage and arrangedto 4withdraw air from said second passage and to exhaust same to theatmosphere when said second valve is opened.

3. A pressure regulating device comprising: a chamber divided byy anairtight diaphragm into an airtightv compartment and a compartment opento the atmosphere, a source of air under pressure, a passagecommunicating with said source of air pressure and said airtightcompartment, a toggle mechanism attached to said diaphragm, a valveactuated by said toggle mechanism to open and close said passage, asecond valve actuated by said toggle in opposite stroke to said rstvalve lto open a port in said rst passage to port air therein to theatmosphere, a Venturi tube positioned in said iirst passage and adaptedto withdraw air from said second passage and to exhaust same to theatmosphere whenv said second valve is opened, said diaphragm arranged toopen said first valve and close said second valve when the pressure insaid airtight compartment falls to a desired minimum negative pressure,and adapted to close'said rst valve and open said second valve when thepressure in said airtight compartment achieves a desired maximumpositive pressure.

4. In a machine of the class described, a bellows adapted for connectionto an anesthetic administering machine, an air container surrounding.said bellows, means for increasing the pressure of the air in saidcontainer to a desired maximum, means for decreasing said pressure to adesired negative minimum, and means actuated by the pressure in saidcontainer to alternately actuate said pressure means.

5. In a machine of the class described, a bellows adapted for connectionto an anesthetic administering machine, an air container surroundingsaid bellows, a chamber connecting with said container divided by anairtight diaphragm to form two chambers, one airtight and connected tosaid container and the other containing air at atmospheric pressure,means for admitting air under pressure to said container, means forremoving air from said container, a valve opened by said diaphragm toport air into said container when the pressure in said container reachesits minimum and closed by said diaphragm when said pressure reaches itsmaximum.

6. In a machine of the class described, a bellows adapted for connectionto an anesthetic administering machine, lan air container surroundingsaid bellows, a chamber divided by an airtight diaphragm to form twochambers, one airtight and connected to said container and the othercontaining air at atmospheric pressure, a source of air under pressure,a passage communicating with said source of air pressure and saidcontainer, a valve actuated by said diaphragm to open and close saidpassage, a second passage from said source of air pressure to saidcontainer, a Venturi tube in said passage arranged tofwithdraw air fromsaid container.

7,"In a machine of the class described, a bellows adapted for connectionto an anesthetic administering machine, an air container surroundingsaid bellows, a chamber divided by an airtight diaphragm to form twochambers, one airtight and connected to said container and the othercontaining air at atmospheric pressure, a source of air under pressure,a passage communieating with said source of air pressure and saidcontainer, a valve actuated by said diaphragm to open and close saidpassage, a second passage from said source of air pressure to saidcontainer, a second valve actuated by said diaphragm in opposite stroketo said iirst valve to open a port in said first passage to port airtherein to the atmosphere, a Venturi tube positioned in said rst passageand arranged to withdraw air from said second passage and to exhaust thesame to the atmosphere when said second valve is open, said Venturi tubein said passage arranged to withdraw air from said container.

8. In a machine of the class described, a lbellows adapted forconnection to an anesthetic administering machine, an air containersurrounding said bellows, a chamber divided by an airtight diaphragm toform two chambers, one airtight and connected to said container and theother containing air at atmospheric pressure, a source of air underpressure, a passage communieating with said source of air pressure andsaid container, a valve actuated by said diaphragm to open and closesaid passage, a second passage from said source of air pressure to saidcontainer, a second valve actuated by said diaphragm in opposite stroketo said rst valve to open a port in said rst passage to port air thereinto the atmosphere, a Venturi tube positioned in said first passage andarranged to withdraw air from said second passage and to exhaust thesame to the atmosphere when said second valve is open, said Venturi tubein said passage arranged to withdraw air from said container, saiddiaphragm arranged to open said first valve and close said second valvewhen the pressure in said airtight compartment falls to a desiredminimum negative pressure, and arranged to close said rst valve and opensaid second valve when the pressure in said airtight compartmentachieves a desired maximum positive pressure.

PHILIP L. STANTON.

REFERENCES CITED The following references are of record in the le ofthis patent:

UNITED STATES PATENTS Number Name Date 2,284,964 Mautz et al. June 2,1942 2,376,348 Fox May 22, 1945

